The Karla Caves, located near Lonavala in the Pune district of Maharashtra, India, are a group of ancient Buddhist rock-cut caves that date back to the 2nd century BCE. The caves are located on a hilltop and consist of a complex of rock-cut shrines, chaityas (prayer halls), and viharas (monasteries).
The Karla Caves are one of the oldest and largest rock-cut Buddhist complexes in India and are considered to be one of the finest examples of ancient Buddhist architecture and art. The caves are particularly renowned for their intricately carved facades, which are adorned with numerous sculptures of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, and other Buddhist deities.
The most impressive feature of the Karla Caves is the Great Chaitya, which is a large rock-cut prayer hall that is over 45 meters in length. The hall is supported by 37 octagonal pillars that are adorned with elaborate carvings and sculptures. The ceiling of the chaitya is also decorated with intricate carvings, and there is a large stupa (Buddhist shrine) at the far end of the hall.
In addition to the Great Chaitya, the Karla Caves also contain numerous other caves and shrines, including several viharas that were once used by Buddhist monks for meditation and study.
Overall, the Karla Caves are an important and fascinating part of India’s rich cultural heritage and are well worth a visit for anyone interested in ancient Buddhist art and architecture.