Fundamental Rights (Part III):
- Right to Equality (Articles 14-18):
- Equality before the law (Article 14).
- Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth (Article 15).
- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment (Article 16).
- Abolition of untouchability (Article 17).
- Abolition of titles (Article 18).
- Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22):
- Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. (Article 19).
- Protection in respect of conviction for offenses (Article 20).
- Protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21).
- Right to education (Article 21A, added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002).
- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases (Article 22).
- Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23-24):
- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor (Article 23).
- Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. (Article 24).
- Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28):
- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion (Article 25).
- Freedom to manage religious affairs (Article 26).
- Freedom as to payment of taxes for the promotion of any particular religion (Article 27).
- Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions (Article 28).
- Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30):
- Protection of interests of minorities (Article 29).
- Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions (Article 30).
- Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32):
- Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A):
The Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. There are 11 Fundamental Duties mentioned in Article 51A:
- To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions.
- To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
- To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
- To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
- To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India.
- To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture.
- To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
- To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
- To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
- To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
- To provide opportunities for education to the child between the ages of 6 and 14 years (added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002).